Digital Innovation for Sustainable Shrimp Aquaculture in Indonesia: Addressing Disease Outbreaks, Socioeconomic, and Environmental Challenges

Abstract

Shrimp aquaculture is a vital component of Indonesia’s coastal economy and food security, yet its long-term viability is significantly challenged by a complex interplay of factors. This manuscript critically examines the primary obstacles hindering sustainable shrimp farming in Indonesia, including the escalating frequency of disease outbreaks, pervasive environmental degradation, issues of insecure land ownership, the scarcity and inconsistent quality of essential agro-inputs, and persistent socio-economic disparities such as worker exploitation and entrenched gender inequality.

Through a comprehensive literature review, meticulously conducted following modified PRISMA guidelines and drawing from Scopus, Google Scholar, and pertinent literatures, this study illuminates how deficiencies in disease management, restricted access to land, and the systemic marginalization of women in decision-making processes collectively undermine the sector’s sustainability. In response, this study proposes the conceptualization and development of a Gender-Inclusive Disease Reporting and Monitoring System (DRMS).

This innovative, participatory, and data-driven digital platform aims to facilitate real-time information exchange, significantly enhance disease surveillance capabilities, and empower shrimp farmers, particularly women, by integrating them into the knowledge network. Ultimately, this research argues that technological interventions, when strategically combined with socio-economic empowerment and supportive policy frameworks, can pave the way towards a more equitable, resilient, and sustainable future for Indonesian shrimp aquaculture.

Poin Kunci dan Kontribusi Riset

• Sintesis Tantangan Sektor: Memetakan korelasi antara risiko penyakit biologis (WSSV, IMNV, AHPND), fluktuasi parameter kualitas air, dan kendala sosio-ekonomi pembudidaya tambak kecil di pesisir Indonesia.
• Arsitektur Sistem DRMS: Merancang kerangka kerja sistem pelaporan penyakit berbasis partisipasi aktif masyarakat (citizen science) yang memfasilitasi pertukaran data secara real-time antara petambak, otoritas balai budidaya, dan akademisi.
• Inklusi Gender & Pemberdayaan: Mengintegrasikan peran perempuan pembudidaya dalam proses pengambilan keputusan teknis serta akses pelaporan digital guna memperkuat ketahanan komunitas tambak nasional.